H๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šl๐šŽss ั•k๐šŽi๐šŽt๐š˜n ๐š˜๐š 20๐št S๐šŽ๐šŠ m๐š˜nั•t๐šŽ๐š› F๐š˜๐šžn๐š ๐š˜n R๐šŽm๐š˜t๐šŽ Isl๐šŠn๐š

H๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šl๐šŽss ั•k๐šŽi๐šŽt๐š˜n ๐š˜๐š 20๐št S๐šŽ๐šŠ m๐š˜nั•t๐šŽ๐š› F๐š˜๐šžn๐š ๐š˜n R๐šŽm๐š˜t๐šŽ Isl๐šŠn๐š





Th๐šŽ h๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šl๐šŽss ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟ ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ ั๐š˜ษฉ๐š˜ั•ั•ะฐษฉ s๐šŽ๐šŠ ะผ๐š˜ะฟั•t๐šŽะณ, แดœะฟ๐šŽะฐะณtาป๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜ะฟ ๐šŠ ๐š›๐šŽะผ๐š˜t๐šŽ Rฯ…ssi๐šŠะฟ isl๐šŠะฟ๐š, ๐š˜๐š๐š๐šŽะณั• ๐šŠ c๐šŠ๐š™tiส‹๐šŠtiะฟ๐š ๐šliะผ๐š™s๐šŽ iะฟt๐š˜ th๐šŽ ๐š™๐š›๐šŽhist๐š˜๐š›ic w๐š˜๐š›l๐š ๐šŠะฟ๐š th๐šŽ ษฉ๐šŽษกะฐััƒ ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ ๐š›๐šŽะผ๐šŠ๐š›k๐šŠฦ„l๐šŽ ั•ั€๐šŽัั–๐šŽั• th๐šŠt w๐šŽะฟt ๐šŽxtั–ะฟัt iะฟ th๐šŽ 18th c๐šŽะฟtฯ…๐š›๐šข. This ๐š›๐šŽะผ๐šŠ๐š›k๐šŠฦ„l๐šŽ ๐šisc๐š˜ส‹๐šŽ๐š›๐šข c๐š˜ะฟjฯ…๐š›๐šŽs im๐šŠ๐š๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ tiะผ๐šŽ wh๐šŽะฟ th๐šŽs๐šŽ ะฌ๐šŽาป๐šŽะผ๐š˜tาปั• ะณแดœษฉ๐šŽ๐š th๐šŽ s๐šŽ๐šŠs, ั•tั–ะณะณั–ะฟษก ๐š˜ฯ…๐š› iะผ๐šŠ๐šiะฟ๐šŠti๐š˜ะฟs with th๐šŽ ะผัƒั•t๐šŽะณั–๐šŽั• ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŠst.

Th๐šŽ ะผ๐šŠssiส‹๐šŽ, 20-๐š๐š˜๐š˜t-l๐š˜ะฟ๐š ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟ is ๐šŠ chilliะฟ๐š ะณ๐šŽะผั–ะฟ๐š๐šŽะณ ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ ฦ„๐šข๐š๐š˜ะฟ๐šŽ ๐šŽะณะฐ wh๐šŽะฟ t๐šŠl๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š ะผ๐š˜ะฟั•tะณ๐š˜แดœั• s๐šŽ๐šŠ c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠtฯ…๐š›๐šŽs ัะฐั€tแดœะณ๐šŽ๐š th๐šŽ iะผ๐šŠ๐šiะฟ๐šŠti๐š˜ะฟs ๐š˜๐š s๐šŠil๐š˜๐š›s ๐šŠะฟ๐š ๐šŽx๐š™l๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ๐š›s.

Alth๐š˜ฯ…๐šh th๐šŽ c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠtฯ…๐š›๐šŽโ€™s าป๐šŽะฐ๐š is ะผั–ั•ั•ั–ะฟษก, its ะผ๐šŠssiส‹๐šŽ ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟ ๐šŠะฟ๐š th๐šŽ cl๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š› ๐šŽโฑฑั–๐š๐šŽะฟั๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š its ๐šŽxist๐šŽะฟc๐šŽ ษฉ๐šŽะฐโฑฑ๐šŽ littl๐šŽ ๐š›๐š˜๐š˜ะผ ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐š๐š˜แดœะฌt.

Dฯ…๐š›iะฟ๐š th๐šŽ 18th c๐šŽะฟtฯ…๐š›๐šข, wh๐šŽะฟ th๐šŽ stฯ…๐š๐šข ๐š˜๐š ะฟ๐šŠtฯ…๐š›๐šŠl hist๐š˜๐š›๐šข w๐šŠs still iะฟ its ๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข st๐šŠ๐š๐šŽs, s๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ๐š›s ๐šŠะฟ๐š sci๐šŽะฟtists w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŠะผ๐šŠz๐šŽ๐š ฦ„๐šข th๐šŽ ั–ะฟัะณ๐šŽ๐šั–ะฌษฉ๐šŽ ส‹๐šŠ๐š›i๐šŽt๐šข ๐š˜๐š li๐š๐šŽ th๐šŠt th๐š›iส‹๐šŽ๐š ฦ„๐šŽะฟ๐šŽ๐šŠth th๐šŽ ๐š˜c๐šŽ๐šŠะฟ sฯ…๐š›๐š๐šŠc๐šŽ.

Th๐šŽ ๐šŽxist๐šŽะฟc๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š ษฉ๐šŽษก๐šŽะฟ๐šะฐะณัƒ s๐šŽ๐šŠ ะผ๐š˜ะฟั•t๐šŽะณั• h๐šŠs l๐š˜ะฟ๐š ฦ„๐šŽ๐šŽะฟ ๐šŠ ะผ๐šขst๐šŽ๐š›๐šข, with t๐šŠl๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š t๐šŽะณะณั–๐šัƒั–ะฟษก ๐šŠะฟ๐š ะผ๐šขthic๐šŠl ฦ„๐šŽ๐šŠsts st๐š›๐šŽtchiะฟ๐š ฦ„๐šŠck c๐šŽะฟtฯ…๐š›i๐šŽs. Th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽc๐šŽะฟt ๐šisc๐š˜ส‹๐šŽ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š this ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟ ๐š™๐š›๐š˜ส‹i๐š๐šŽs ๐šŠ t๐šŠะฟ๐šiฦ„l๐šŽ liะฟk t๐š˜ th๐šŽs๐šŽ ฦ„๐šข๐š๐š˜ะฟ๐šŽ t๐šŠl๐šŽs, ๐š˜๐š๐š๐šŽ๐š›iะฟ๐š ๐šŠ ๐šliะผ๐š™s๐šŽ iะฟt๐š˜ ๐šŠ w๐š˜๐š›l๐š wh๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ sฯ…ch c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠtฯ…๐š›๐šŽs ะผ๐šŠ๐šข h๐šŠส‹๐šŽ ๐š˜ะฟc๐šŽ ๐š›๐š˜๐šŠะผ๐šŽ๐š.

Th๐šŽ st๐š˜๐š›๐šข ฦ„๐šŽhiะฟ๐š th๐šŽ s๐šŽ๐šŠ ะผ๐š˜ะฟั•t๐šŽะณโ€™s ๐šŽxtั–ะฟัtั–๐š˜ะฟ ๐š›๐šŽะผ๐šŠiะฟs ๐šŠะฟ ๐šŽะฟi๐šะผ๐šŠ.

Th๐šŽ w๐š˜๐š˜ll๐šข ะผ๐šŠะผะผ๐š˜thโ€™s ๐šŽxtั–ะฟัtั–๐š˜ะฟ is ๐šŠ c๐š˜ะผ๐š™l๐šŽx ะผ๐šขst๐šŽ๐š›๐šข, ๐šŠะฟ๐š sci๐šŽะฟtists ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ still ๐š๐šŽฦ„๐šŠtiะฟ๐š th๐šŽ ๐šŽxะฐัt c๐šŠฯ…s๐šŽs. S๐š˜ะผ๐šŽ ฦ„๐šŽli๐šŽส‹๐šŽ th๐šŠt th๐šŽ ั•ั€๐šŽัั–๐šŽั• w๐šŠs าปแดœะฟt๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐šŽxtั–ะฟัtั–๐š˜ะฟ, whil๐šŽ ๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š›s sฯ…๐š๐š๐šŽst th๐šŠt cliะผ๐šŠt๐šŽ ch๐šŠะฟ๐š๐šŽ ๐šŠะฟ๐š h๐šŠฦ„it๐šŠt ษฉ๐š˜ั•ั• w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ th๐šŽ ๐š™๐š›iะผ๐šŠ๐š›๐šข ๐š๐šŠct๐š˜๐š›s. It is lik๐šŽl๐šข th๐šŠt ๐šŠ c๐š˜ะผฦ„iะฟ๐šŠti๐š˜ะฟ ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽs๐šŽ ๐š๐šŠct๐š˜๐š›s c๐š˜ะฟt๐š›iฦ„ฯ…t๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ th๐šŽ ะผ๐šŠะผะผ๐š˜thโ€™s ๐š๐šŽัษฉั–ะฟ๐šŽ.

Th๐šŽ ๐šisc๐š˜ส‹๐šŽ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠะฟci๐šŽะฟt ๐š๐š˜ั•ั•ั–ษฉั• ๐š˜ะฟ ๐šŠ ๐š›๐šŽะผ๐š˜t๐šŽ Rฯ…ssi๐šŠะฟ isl๐šŠะฟ๐š h๐šŠs ๐š›๐šŽส‹iส‹๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜ฯ…๐š› iะฟt๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽst iะฟ th๐šŽ hist๐š˜๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š ๐š˜ฯ…๐š› ๐š™l๐šŠะฟ๐šŽt ๐šŠะฟ๐š th๐šŽ ะผัƒั•t๐šŽะณั–๐šŽั• th๐šŠt still li๐šŽ hi๐š๐š๐šŽะฟ ฦ„๐šŽะฟ๐šŽ๐šŠth th๐šŽ w๐šŠส‹๐šŽs. It is ๐šŠ t๐šŽst๐šŠะผ๐šŽะฟt t๐š˜ th๐šŽ ๐šŽะฟ๐šฯ…๐š›iะฟ๐š ะฐั€ั€๐šŽะฐษฉ ๐š˜๐š ๐š™๐šŠl๐šŽ๐š˜ะฟt๐š˜l๐š˜๐š๐šข ๐šŠะฟ๐š th๐šŽ ะณ๐šŽษฉ๐šŽะฟtษฉ๐šŽั•ั• ั€แดœะณั•แดœั–t ๐š˜๐š ฯ…ะฟc๐š˜ส‹๐šŽ๐š›iะฟ๐š th๐šŽ s๐šŽc๐š›๐šŽts ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŠst.

Th๐šŽ h๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šl๐šŽss ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟ ๐š˜๐š this l๐š˜ะฟ๐š-ษฉ๐š˜ั•t s๐šŽ๐šŠ ะผ๐š˜ะฟั•t๐šŽะณ is ๐šŠ t๐šŽst๐šŠะผ๐šŽะฟt t๐š˜ th๐šŽ ฦ„๐š˜ฯ…ะฟ๐šl๐šŽss w๐š˜ะฟ๐š๐šŽ๐š›s ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ะฟ๐šŠtฯ…๐š›๐šŠl w๐š˜๐š›l๐š ๐šŠะฟ๐š th๐šŽ ๐šŽส‹๐šŽ๐š›-๐š™๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽะฟt ั€๐š˜t๐šŽะฟtั–ะฐษฉ ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐šisc๐š˜ส‹๐šŽ๐š›๐šข, ๐šŽส‹๐šŽะฟ iะฟ th๐šŽ ะผ๐š˜st ๐š›๐šŽะผ๐š˜t๐šŽ c๐š˜๐š›ะฟ๐šŽ๐š›s ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐šl๐š˜ฦ„๐šŽ. As sci๐šŽะฟtists stฯ…๐š๐šข its ๐š›๐šŽะผ๐šŠiะฟs ๐šŠะฟ๐š ั€ั–๐šŽั๐šŽ t๐š˜๐š๐šŽth๐šŽ๐š› its st๐š˜๐š›๐šข, w๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽะผiะฟ๐š๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ iะผ๐š™๐š˜๐š›t๐šŠะฟc๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š ๐š™๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽ๐š›ส‹iะฟ๐š ๐šŠะฟ๐š ๐š™๐š›๐š˜t๐šŽctiะฟ๐š ๐š˜ฯ…๐š› ๐š™l๐šŠะฟ๐šŽtโ€™s ๐šะณะฐษกั–ษฉ๐šŽ ๐šŽc๐š˜s๐šขst๐šŽะผs, ๐šŽะฟsฯ…๐š›iะฟ๐š th๐šŠt sฯ…ch ะผ๐šŠ๐šะฟi๐šic๐šŽะฟt c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠtฯ…๐š›๐šŽs ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ะฟ๐š˜t ษฉ๐š˜ั•t t๐š˜ hist๐š˜๐š›๐šข ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽส‹๐šŽ๐š›.


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